Ulwazi olwengeziwe ― Zulu

I- Acanthosis nigricans iwukubonakaliswa kwesikhumba kwesimo esingaphansi. Ivamise ukuvela ekugoqekeni kwesikhumba njengentamo, amakhwapha, kanye nembijana, ibukeka njengamabala amnyama athambile anemiphetho engacacile. Lesi simo ngokuvamile sihlotshaniswa nesifo sikashukela kanye nokungazweli kwe-insulin, kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile, singakhomba umdlavuza ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ingase futhi ibonakale ngenxa yezinkinga zehomoni noma ekuphuzeni imithi ethile efana nama-steroid namaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa.
Acanthosis nigricans is a cutaneous manifestation of an underlying condition. It usually develops in skin folds, such as the back of the neck, axilla, and groin, where it presents as velvety hyper-pigmented patches with poorly defined borders. Acanthosis nigricans is most commonly associated with diabetes and insulin resistance, but rarely it can be a sign of internal malignancy. It can also occur with hormone disorders or with the use of certain medications like systemic glucocorticoids and oral contraceptives.

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) yisimo sesikhumba esijwayelekile esixhunyaniswe nezinkinga zezempilo ezahlukahlukene njengokungazweli kwe-insulin, isifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala, imidlavuza ethile, izinkinga zamahomoni, kanye nokusabela emithini. Ukwelapha i-AN kugxile ekubhekaneni nezinkinga zempilo eziwumsuka. Ekuqaleni, odokotela bahlola izimpawu ze-insulin resistance syndrome, okuhlanganisa ukukhuluphala, i-cholesterol ephezulu, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Odokotela bavame ukunikeza okuthi topical retinoids njengenketho yokuqala yokwelashwa, engasiza ngokujiya kwesikhumba. Kodwa-ke, angeke abhekane ngokugcwele nobumnyama besikhumba. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha (salicylic acid, podophyllin, urea, calcipotriol) nazo zidinga ukusetshenziswa njalo.
Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a common dermatologic manifestation of systemic disease that is associated with insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, obesity, internal malignancy, endocrine disorders, and drug reactions. Treatment of AN primarily focuses on resolution of the underlying disease processes causing the velvety, hyperpigmented, hyperkeratotic plaques found on the skin. Initial considerations for the AN workup include evaluating patients for insulin resistance syndrome characterized by obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus type II. For cosmetic treatment, topical retinoids are considered the first-line therapy for insulin-resistant AN by modifying keratinization rate. However, topical tretinoin requires application for long durations and improves hyperkeratosis, but not hyperpigmentation. Topical salicylic acid, podophyllin, urea, and calcipotriol also require frequent application, while TCA peels may provide a faster and less time-intense burden.